When comparing propolis products, you may come across terms such as
“New Zealand propolis”, “flavonoids”, “10,000 mg”, “highly concentrated” and “pine bark extract”.
There are also different formats to choose from, including concentrated propolis capsules, formulas combined with other botanical ingredients, and convenient sprays.
So it is understandable to wonder,
“Which type of propolis should I actually choose?”
Propolis is a unique natural substance made by honey bees using resins collected from plants.
It contains a wide variety of plant-derived compounds, including flavonoids, and its characteristics can vary according to
geographical origin, surrounding vegetation, extraction method, concentration and ingredient specifications.
Modern analytical techniques have also revealed an increasingly complex picture of propolis, while human studies continue to investigate a variety of biological markers associated with different propolis preparations.
In this guide, we look at
what makes propolis interesting, how origin and flavonoids matter, what concentrated propolis means, and how to compare different types of products.
We also explain the differences between the propolis products available from Brilliant Life Products NZ, including
concentrated propolis, propolis with pine bark, propolis with red grape-derived ingredients, and propolis spray.
The research discussed in this article is presented as general information about propolis as an ingredient and should be considered separately from any disease-prevention, treatment or therapeutic claims for individual commercial products.
Contents
- What Is Propolis? The Basics
- How Is Propolis Different from Honey and Royal Jelly?
- Why People Include Propolis in a Daily Wellness Routine
- What Does Propolis Contain?
- How Geography and Plants Shape Propolis
- What Has Been Studied in Humans?
- What to Look for When Choosing Propolis
- Concentrated Propolis, Pine Bark, Red Grape or Spray?
- What to Know Before Using Propolis
- Common Questions About Propolis
What Is Propolis? The Basics
Propolis is a natural resinous substance made by honey bees using materials collected from
plant buds, bark, sap and other resin-producing plant tissues.
Bees combine these plant resins with beeswax and other hive-derived materials and use the mixture around cracks, surfaces and other areas of the hive.
In English, it is often called bee propolis and is sometimes referred to as
“bee glue” because of its sticky texture.
Rather than thinking of it simply as glue, it is more useful to see propolis as
an important structural material used by bees as part of colony life.
Quick Fact | Where Does the Word “Propolis” Come From?
The word “propolis” is commonly linked to the Greek words
pro, meaning “in front of” or “at the entrance”, and
polis, meaning “city” or “community”.
If a beehive is imagined as a small city, the name becomes surprisingly appropriate.
Do Bees Have a Form of “Social Immunity”?
Honey bees live in large colonies rather than as solitary insects.
Researchers sometimes study behaviours such as collecting plant resins and incorporating them into the hive through the concept of
“social immunity” — collective behaviours that help the colony manage its environment.
Long before humans became interested in propolis as a natural wellness ingredient, bees were already actively selecting plant resins and bringing them back to the hive.
How Is Propolis Different from Honey and Royal Jelly?
Propolis, honey and royal jelly are all associated with honey bees, but
they are produced differently and serve different roles in the hive.
In simple terms:
Honey → made from floral nectar and used as food by bees
Royal jelly → a secretion produced by worker bees and used as an important food for queen bees
Propolis → made primarily from plant resins and used as a hive material
One of the most interesting things about propolis is that it sits at the intersection of
bee biology and plant chemistry.
Why People Include Propolis in a Daily Wellness Routine
So what makes propolis interesting as a daily wellness ingredient?
Propolis is
a complex natural material containing many different plant-derived compounds.
Because bees collect resin from a range of plants, propolis may contain flavonoids, phenolic compounds and many other naturally occurring plant constituents.
Its chemical profile can also reflect the local environment in which it was produced.
For that reason, propolis may appeal to people who:
- want to include a naturally derived ingredient in their daily wellness routine
- are interested in flavonoids and other plant-derived polyphenols
- are curious about natural ingredients from New Zealand
- want a supplement that can be incorporated into a regular daily routine
Today, propolis is available not only as concentrated capsules, but also in formulas combined with other botanical ingredients and in portable spray formats.
Being able to choose a format and formulation that fits your interests and lifestyle is part of what makes propolis such a versatile natural ingredient.
What Does Propolis Contain?
Propolis is not a single chemical compound.
It is
a complex natural mixture containing many different substances.
Compounds identified in propolis from around the world include:
- flavonoids
- phenolic acids
- phenolic acid esters
- terpenes and terpenoids
- aromatic compounds
- plant resin-derived compounds
- beeswax-derived components
Quick Fact | More Than 800 Compounds Have Been Reported
Older articles often stated that more than 300 compounds had been identified in propolis.
As analytical methods have improved and more types of propolis have been studied worldwide,
more than 800 compounds have now been reported across different propolis types.
That remarkable chemical diversity is one of the reasons propolis continues to attract scientific interest.
What Are Flavonoids?
One of the most common terms you will see on propolis labels is
flavonoids.
Flavonoids are a large group of naturally occurring
plant polyphenols.
Compounds such as pinocembrin, chrysin, galangin and pinobanksin have all been studied in different types of propolis.
For this reason, when comparing propolis products it can be useful to look not only at the total amount of propolis, but also at
whether flavonoids or other characteristic compounds are standardised or quantified.
How Geography and Plants Shape Propolis
One of the defining features of propolis is that
its chemical profile can vary according to where it is produced and which plants are available to the bees.
Because bees collect resin from the vegetation surrounding the hive, factors such as geography, plant species, season and climate all contribute to the final composition.
Brazilian Green Propolis
One of the best-known types is
Brazilian green propolis.
In certain areas of Brazil, Baccharis species are important plant sources, and compounds such as
artepillin C
have been widely studied.
Poplar-Type Propolis in Temperate Regions
Across many temperate regions, including parts of Europe,
poplar species are important resin sources.
These propolis types are commonly studied for their flavonoid and phenolic profiles.
New Zealand Propolis Has Its Own Local Character
New Zealand propolis has also traditionally been associated with poplar-type propolis.
In 2024, researchers analysed propolis and plant resins collected from different regions of New Zealand using GC-MS.
The results suggested that
poplar is one of the major resin sources for New Zealand propolis.
Interestingly, compounds thought to originate from
native New Zealand plants
were also detected in multiple samples.
This suggests that New Zealand propolis may carry a chemical signature influenced by the surrounding local vegetation.
For a New Zealand-based store specialising in local wellness products, this is an especially interesting area of research.
Think of Origin as “Character”, Not a Ranking
Brazilian, European and New Zealand propolis all reflect different plant environments.
Rather than asking which country is simply “best”, it can be more useful to ask:
“What type of propolis is this, and what plant environment helped create it?”
That makes comparing propolis products much more meaningful.
What Has Been Studied in Humans?
Propolis has been investigated in a wide range of laboratory and animal studies involving plant compounds, microorganisms and biological signalling.
More recently,
randomised controlled trials in humans
have also accumulated.
One area of research involves
blood biomarkers associated with inflammatory processes and oxidative stress.
A 2026 Meta-Analysis Reviewed 18 Clinical Trials
A systematic review and meta-analysis published online in 2026 examined
18 randomised controlled trials involving a total of 498 participants.
Many of the included trials used Iranian poplar-type or Brazilian propolis, with doses ranging from 250 to 1,500 mg per day and study durations ranging from 4 to 104 weeks.
Researchers assessed biomarkers including:
- CRP and high-sensitivity CRP
- IL-6
- TNF-α
- glutathione
- glutathione peroxidase
- total antioxidant capacity
Group differences were reported for some biomarkers, while
results also varied considerably according to propolis type, participant population, dosage and study design.
This highlights an important point about propolis research:
It is useful to look beyond the word “propolis” and consider exactly which type of propolis was used in each study.
As research develops, the importance of clearly defined raw materials, geographical origin and product specifications is becoming increasingly apparent.
These studies investigated specific propolis preparations under defined research conditions and should not be interpreted as evidence that individual commercial products prevent or treat disease.
What to Look for When Choosing Propolis
Propolis products can look very different from one another.
A few key points make comparison much easier.
1. Check the Origin and Raw-Material Background
Start by looking at
where the propolis comes from.
Geographical origin is not simply a marketing story.
It is connected to the plants available to the bees and therefore to the character of the propolis itself.
New Zealand, Brazil and other regions all offer distinct propolis profiles.
2. For Concentrated Propolis, Check the Concentration Ratio and Raw-Material Equivalent
If you prefer a concentrated propolis product,
look at both the extract amount and the concentration ratio.
Our
Health Life New Zealand Propolis 10,000 mg
provides
500 mg of 20:1 concentrated propolis extract per capsule.
This is equivalent to
10,000 mg of original propolis material.
It also provides approximately
150 mg of flavonoids.
500 mg of 20:1 concentrated propolis extract
= 10,000 mg raw-material equivalent
+ approximately 150 mg flavonoids
For people who want to pay close attention to concentration and the amount of propolis used in their daily supplement, this provides a clear and easy-to-understand high-concentration formulation.
3. Look at Flavonoid Specifications
Along with the total amount of propolis,
flavonoid content or other standardisation information
can help you understand the formulation.
Because propolis is a natural material, looking at how a product is standardised gives additional context beyond a simple milligram number.
4. Check Which Other Botanical Ingredients Are Included
Some formulas focus primarily on propolis, while others combine it with ingredients such as pine bark or red grape-derived extracts.
This allows you to choose according to
which botanical ingredients you are most interested in including in your routine.
5. Choose a Format That Fits Your Daily Life
Capsules are convenient for a regular supplement routine, while sprays can be easy to carry and use without water.
A product that fits naturally into your lifestyle is often easier to use consistently.
Concentrated Propolis, Pine Bark, Red Grape or Spray?
Propolis Becomes More Interesting Once You Know What to Compare
At first glance, propolis products may all look quite similar.
But once you compare
concentration, flavonoid specifications, additional botanical ingredients and format,
each product develops its own clear character.
You may prefer:
“a concentrated propolis formula”,
“propolis combined with pine bark-derived compounds”,
“propolis with red grape-derived polyphenols”,
or “a portable spray that is easy to use”.
Once you know which ingredients and format interest you most, choosing between propolis products becomes much simpler.
A Quick Comparison of Four Types
| Type |
Main Feature |
A Good Choice If You... |
| Propolis 10,000 mg |
20:1 concentrated New Zealand propolis, equivalent to 10,000 mg raw material |
prefer a concentrated propolis formula |
| Propolis + Pine Bark |
New Zealand propolis combined with pine bark-derived ingredients |
are interested in combining several plant-derived ingredients |
| Propolis + Red Grape |
Propolis combined with red grape-derived polyphenol ingredients |
are also interested in red grape-derived compounds |
| Propolis Spray |
Propolis with UMF™15+ Manuka honey in a portable spray |
value convenience and portability |
For a Concentrated, Straightforward Propolis Formula
Health Life New Zealand Propolis 10,000 mg
is a capsule formula centred on New Zealand propolis.
Each capsule provides
500 mg of 20:1 concentrated propolis extract, equivalent to 10,000 mg of raw propolis material, together with approximately 150 mg of flavonoids.
It is an easy-to-understand option for people who want
a concentrated propolis formula as part of their daily wellness routine.
It is also a useful choice for those who prefer to compare propolis products by looking closely at the actual formulation and concentration.
If You Are Also Interested in Pine Bark
Health Life Propolis with Pine Bark
combines New Zealand propolis with
pine bark extract.
Pine bark naturally contains polyphenolic compounds including
OPCs (oligomeric proanthocyanidins).
This type of formulation is suited to people who prefer
propolis together with another plant-derived ingredient.
If You Are Interested in Red Grape-Derived Polyphenols
Health Life Propolis with Red Grape Extract
combines New Zealand propolis with red grape-derived ingredients.
Red grapes contain a range of polyphenolic compounds, including proanthocyanidins.
This makes the product easy to understand for people who are interested in
both propolis and plant-derived polyphenols from red grapes.
For a Convenient Spray Format
HealthLife Bee Propolis Throat Spray plus UMF15+
combines propolis extract with
UMF™15+ Manuka honey
in a 30 ml spray format.
It also contains peppermint oil, lemon oil and clove oil.
Unlike capsules, the spray can be used without water and is easy to carry.
For those who like New Zealand bee-derived ingredients and prefer
a convenient format for use at home or while travelling,
the spray offers another way to include propolis in a daily routine.
What to Know Before Using Propolis
Propolis is a naturally derived material created from plant resins and bee activity.
To use it responsibly,
it is important to check allergy information and the individual product warnings before use.
New Zealand Requires a Propolis Allergy Warning
In New Zealand, dietary supplements containing propolis must carry the warning:
PROPOLIS MAY CAUSE SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTIONS
People with a history of reactions to bee-related products or concerns about allergies should carefully check the ingredient list and product warnings before use.
If unusual symptoms such as rash, significant irritation, or swelling of the mouth or throat occur, discontinue use and seek medical attention if appropriate.
Pay Attention to Changes in How You Feel
Health products are sometimes associated online with the idea of a temporary “healing reaction”.
Because propolis can cause allergic reactions in some people,
an unusual reaction should be treated as a reason to stop using the product and assess the situation
rather than simply continuing.
Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Medication and Medical Conditions
If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have a medical condition, are receiving treatment, or take prescription medication, speak with a doctor, pharmacist or other qualified healthcare professional before use.
For children, follow the age guidance and warnings provided for the specific product.
Common Questions About Propolis
How Is Brazilian Propolis Different from New Zealand Propolis?
The main difference lies in the plant sources used by the bees.
Brazilian green propolis is well known for compounds such as artepillin C.
New Zealand and other temperate-region propolis types are commonly associated with poplar-derived flavonoids and phenolic compounds.
More recent research has also identified compounds in New Zealand propolis that may be associated with native plant sources.
It can therefore be useful to think of each type as having
its own botanical and geographical character.
Should I Look at Flavonoid Content?
Yes.
Flavonoid content can be a useful indicator when comparing propolis formulations.
It is even more informative when considered alongside origin, concentration, raw-material equivalent and the other ingredients used in the formula.
Should I Choose Capsules or a Spray?
Capsules are convenient for a regular supplement routine, while sprays are useful for those who prioritise portability and ease of use.
The other ingredients included in the formula can also help guide your choice.
When Is the Best Time to Take Propolis?
Follow the directions and suggested use shown on the product label and choose
a time of day that fits comfortably into your daily routine.
For a wellness supplement, ease of use and consistency are practical considerations when building a regular habit.
Summary | Propolis Is More Interesting Once You Know What to Look For
Propolis is a unique natural material created when bees collect plant resins and incorporate them into the hive.
It therefore reflects
both plant chemistry and bee activity.
Across propolis samples from around the world, researchers have identified flavonoids and many hundreds of other compounds.
Each propolis can also develop its own character according to
where it was produced and which plants were available to the bees.
Research published in 2024 examined the plant origins of New Zealand propolis, while a 2026 meta-analysis brought together a growing number of human clinical trials.
As the science develops, it becomes increasingly useful to look beyond the word “propolis” itself and ask:
What type of propolis is being used, and how is the product formulated?
When choosing a product, useful points to consider include:
- geographical origin
- amount of propolis used
- concentration ratio and raw-material equivalent
- flavonoid or other standardisation information
- additional plant-derived ingredients
- manufacturing and quality-control information
- the format that best fits your daily routine
For those who prefer a
concentrated propolis formula,
a product with clearly stated concentration and flavonoid content offers an easy way to compare what you are getting.
Our New Zealand Propolis 10,000 mg provides
500 mg of 20:1 concentrated propolis extract per capsule, equivalent to 10,000 mg of original propolis material, together with approximately 150 mg of flavonoids.
Other options include formulas combining propolis with pine bark or red grape-derived ingredients, as well as a convenient spray containing Manuka honey.
If you would like to include a naturally derived ingredient in your daily wellness routine, start with the type of propolis and formulation that best matches your interests and lifestyle.
Once you understand the origin, concentration and formulation, choosing propolis becomes less about asking which product is simply “strongest” and more about
which type you would personally prefer to make part of your daily routine.
Important Note
This article is intended to provide general information about propolis, flavonoids, polyphenols and published research.
The studies discussed used specific propolis materials, geographical origins, extraction methods, dosages, durations and participant populations.
Their findings should not be assumed to apply equally to individual commercial products.
This article and dietary supplements are not intended to diagnose, treat or prevent disease.
People with allergies to bee-related products, those who are pregnant or breastfeeding, and anyone receiving medical treatment or taking medication should check the product information and seek advice from an appropriate healthcare professional when needed.
References
-
Choi K, Kim JY. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of propolis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the influences of geographical origin and phenotype. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2026.103410
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Mountford-McAuley R, Robertson A, Taylor M, Clavijo McCormick A. Characterisation of New Zealand Propolis from Different Regions Based on Its Volatile Organic Compounds. Molecules. 2024;29(13):3143. DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133143
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Kasote DM, Bankova V, Viljoen AM. Propolis: chemical diversity and challenges in quality control. Phytochemistry Reviews. 2022;21(6):1887-1911.
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Huang S, Zhang CP, Wang K, Li GQ, Hu FL. Recent Advances in the Chemical Composition of Propolis. Molecules. 2014;19(12):19610-19632.
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Anjum SI, Ullah A, Khan KA, et al. Composition and functional properties of propolis (bee glue): A review. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2019;26(7):1695-1703.
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Simone-Finstrom M, Borba RS, Wilson M, Spivak M. Propolis Counteracts Some Threats to Honey Bee Health. Insects. 2017;8(2):46.
